We explain what an emitter is in communication, in the economy and in education. Also, the relationship between sender and receiver.
What is an issuer?
The issuer is called the entity, individual or artifact in which some type of information, matter or energy originates, and therefore emits or transmits it to the surrounding environment. His opposite figure is that of the receiver, that is, the one who receives.
Depending on the subject and area of knowledge to which it refers, said issuer may be of as different a nature as that which is issued. In fact, in our day to day, we are surrounded by issuers and stations. It is enough to turn on our television or our radio (traditionally called receiving devices) to connect with a station, that is, with an installation from which information is emitted via electromagnetic waves.
In the same way, the sun is the emitter of the light that we receive every day, and our friends are the emitters of the messages that they send us by cell phone, just as our glands are the emitters of the hormones that regulate the functions of our body. Everything where something is broadcast, that is, where something originates and then spreads to the environment, is an issuer or at least a place of issuance.
Issuer in communication
In the communicative act, the issuer is the one who produces or originates the message: in the case of written communication, it is who writes the message, and in oral communication, it is who speaks.
The communicative circuit is fulfilled when said transmitter propagates a message through a physical channel (such as radio waves, written paper or the sound of the voice), also using a code (that is, a language) to represent it, and the receiver is able to perceive the message (tune in, read it, hear it) and decode it to extract its meaning.
In some forms of communication, sender and receiver alternate their roles as information is exchanged: one speaks and the other listens, then the first listens and the other speaks. In one-way forms of communication (such as radio, books, or television), on the other hand, these roles are fixed and immovable.
Issuer in economics
In the economic sphere, the issuer is called institutions or organizations that are capable of developing, registering and then selling commercial securities through which to finance its own operations. These issuers can be attached to governments or be private companies.
It is what governments do when issuing public debt bonds (bond issuance), for example, or also what the central bank does when it puts new banknotes into circulation (monetary issue). Any entity that puts financial securities into circulation is considered an issuing entity.
The most commonly issued securities in this way are stocks, bonds, promissory notes, bills, and, of course, the same bills and coins.
Issuer in education
For its part, in the educational field, it considers as issuer who assumes the active role of knowledge transmission, that is, to the teacher, teacher or tutor. This look at the educational act is, however, traditional, since it considers without saying that knowledge originates in the teacher and is then transmitted to the students, just as the sun emits its own light and radiates it to its surrounding planets.
The most modern educational trends, on the other hand, tend to see the teacher as a facilitator: a person in charge of helping students to learn, of accompanying them on the path of learning, and from that perspective the teacher does not really emit knowledge, but allows the student to discover it on their own. This difference is important when talking about educational systems or types of school.
Sender and receiver
The figure of the sender, in any case, is complemented by that of the receiver, like two pieces of a puzzle. Without emitters, receivers would have nothing to receive, and without receivers, the information broadcast would be lost and no use of it would be possible, that is, no communication.
Nevertheless, the same transmitter can generally correspond to several simultaneous receivers, like several people who tune in to the same TV channel; While a receiver can be dedicated, commonly, to a single transmitter at a time, that is, we cannot watch two TV channels at the same time on the same device.