Parts of the Human Body – What are they, information about each one …

We explain what are the parts of the human body and what are the characteristics of the head, trunk and limbs.

What are the parts of the human body?

The human body is something that we often take for granted, since we have had it since we were born, and sometimes we do not recognize the wonderful complexity of its structure. In fact, the human body houses different organ and tissue systems that operate simultaneously and interrelated to sustain life as we know it.

These body systems are several and very different, and they are distributed more or less symmetrically in the body. That is why an anatomical study of the human body, that is, a study of its shape and structure, to classify its different parts and organize them in a logical way, must initially recognize its three fundamental segments: the head, the trunk and the extremities.

These three fundamental portions are very important, each in its own way and in its proper measure, and comprise the organs and tissues necessary to, in a coordinated way, perform the different functions that our body is capable of. Let’s see each one separately below.

Head

The head is the fundamental segment of our body, not only from a physiological point of view, but also from a social point of view.

In it is the governing organ of the entire body, the brain, which would become the computing and operations center that regulates both conscious and unconscious life. In addition, there are located four of our five senses: sight, hearing, taste and smell, with direct nerve channels to the brain.

Therefore, in the head we can identify with the naked eye:

• The eyes, responsible for vision. They are covered by the eyelids, where the eyelashes are, and above the eyebrows.
• The ears and ears, in charge of hearing.
• The mouth, responsible for taste and speech, and the main route of entry of organic matter into our body. The lips cover it.
• The nose, responsible for smell and the entry of air during breathing.
• The cheeks, chin and forehead.

On the inside of the head, hidden from view, are:

• The brain, made up of gray matter and the substances that cover it.
• The cerebellum, the lower back portion of the brain, just above the entrance to the spinal cord.
• The skull, a set of bones that cover and protect the brain, and to which the jaw, the bone that supports the teeth, is articulated.

Trunk

The trunk is called the intermediate segment of the body, to which the head is connected through the neck: the rest of our internal organs are contained and distributed in it, and it is the place where the limbs are attached.

It is composed, in turn, of two distinguishable parts:

• The chest or torso, the upper region near the neck.
• The abdomen, the lower region near the genitals.

Both portions are separated by the diaphragm, one of the main muscles of the body.

What is perceived at first glance of the trunk may not seem too much compared to everything it contains: from top to bottom we can see the neck, the chest (and female breasts), the belly (where the navel is, the rest of the body). umbilical cord) and the belly, at the end of which are the external genitalia: the male penis and testes, and the female vulva. Seen from behind, we will barely have a back and tailbone.

On the other hand, an internal look at the trunk will reveal an immensity of organs, tissues and ducts, the most important being, from top to bottom, the following:

• The trachea and esophagus, ducts that run through the neck and that come from the head to their respective internal organs, transporting air and food respectively.
• The heart, located in the left sector of the chest, a very robust muscle of continuous activity, in charge of pumping blood throughout the circulatory system.
• Lungs, one on each side, which are large air entry sacs into the body, where oxygen is extracted to enter the blood.
• Stomach, an organ in charge of secreting acids to break down food into its fundamental nutrients, which will be absorbed later.
• The liver, organ in charge of the filtration of the blood and the manufacture of essential substances for digestion.
• The intestine, the organ where digestion takes place. It is a very long tube that links the stomach and the opening to the anus, along which an infinity of specialized villi absorb the substances we need to nourish ourselves from organic matter, leaving only the useless material for later disposal in the form of feces. Finally, the intestine is divided into two: small intestine and large intestine.
• The kidneys, responsible for receiving the main waste material of metabolism, which is ammonia and other similar compounds, with which urine is produced to expel them from the body, since if they accumulate inside it, it would be fatal.
• The bladder, a kind of sac in which the urine produced by the kidneys will accumulate, and then be discharged through a specialized tube that culminates in the urethra.
• In the case of women, there are also the internal genitalia: the ovaries in which numerous hormones are produced and the ovules, female sex cells; the fallopian tubes through which these eggs descend into the uterus, which is the place where they wait to be fertilized during reproduction. The posterior region of the latter organ, the vagina, which serves to allow the penis to enter during reproduction.
• In the case of men, there are no internal genitaliaBut there is an organ in charge of producing substances necessary for reproduction, which is the prostate.
• Spinal column, a long tower of ossicles that runs along the back and connects the nape to the end of the back. Within them flows the spinal cord, a very delicate nervous tissue that governs the functions of the extremities and the muscles of the torso.
• Protecting most of the organs of the torso is a set of bones known as ribs, as well as the sternum and others that serve as the axis of the skeleton.

Extremities

Finally, the extremities are the extensions of the body that allow movement and conscious activity. They are distributed symmetrically to the sides of the trunk, and can be differentiated into two categories:

• Upper extremities, which are the arms, located below the shoulders, and composed of arms, forearms and hands, and in the latter, the fingers: five in each, around a central area called the palm.
• Lower extremities, which are the legs, located on the sides of the belly and attached to the hips, made up of the buttocks, thighs, calves and feet, at the end of which are, again five fingers in each, around an elongated central area known as the plant.